Shining a Light on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: Red Photobiomodulation Boosts Myoblast Differentiation In Vitro

What the authors concluded

Red PBM, especially with a 4 J/cm2 energy density, did not alter cell viability but successfully promoted the expression of myogenic transcription factors as myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) and myogenin, as well as myotube formation, mitochondrial metabolism, and biogenesis. Consistently, electrophysiological analyses of cell membrane passive properties and inward ion currents indicated

Devices that emit this wavelength

Matched on wavelength within 15nm, since LED bins vary by roughly that much and a tighter match would be false precision. Where we have an irradiance figure, the session length is the time needed to reach this study's dose of 0.4 J/cm² at that intensity.

Matching a wavelength is not the same as reproducing a trial. Session times assume the device's published irradiance is accurate at the distance it was measured, which on brand-claim figures is often optimistic. Where a device publishes both a peak and an average we use the average, and where it publishes a falloff curve we use the lowest figure, so these times run long rather than short. Clinical protocols also control for spot size, contact and skin type in ways a home device cannot.