Photobiomodulation restores blood-brain barrier integrity after hypoxia via endothelial von Willebrand factor modulation in a humanised tricellular transwell model

What the authors concluded

Hypoxia significantly reduced transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), whereas PBM restored barrier function in endothelial monocultures and tri-cultures. Endothelial cells exhibited the most pronounced hypoxic response, characterised by increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and von Willebrand factor (vWF), all attenuated by PBM.

Devices that emit this wavelength

Matched on wavelength within 15nm, since LED bins vary by roughly that much and a tighter match would be false precision. Where we have an irradiance figure, the session length is the time needed to reach this study's dose of 33.5 J/cm² at that intensity.

Matching a wavelength is not the same as reproducing a trial. Session times assume the device's published irradiance is accurate at the distance it was measured, which on brand-claim figures is often optimistic. Where a device publishes both a peak and an average we use the average, and where it publishes a falloff curve we use the lowest figure, so these times run long rather than short. Clinical protocols also control for spot size, contact and skin type in ways a home device cannot.