Photobiomodulation and extracellular vesicles-loaded alginate from adipose mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair in a rat model of osteoarthritis

What the authors concluded

In vitro, PBM significantly promoted cell proliferation, while the optimized ADSC-EVs/Alg matrix (10% alginate, 1: 9 Alg:EV ratio) served as a stable delivery vehicle without further enhancing PBM-induced proliferation. In a rat model of knee OA, the treatments of ADSC-EVs/Alg, PBM, and their simultaneous administration all demonstrated comparable cartilage preservation.